Artificial Life References

Franklin S., Artificial Minds, Cambridge MA,: The MIT Press, 1995.

Koza, J. R. (1993), Artificial Life Custom Course Material, Palo Alto: Stanford Bookstore.

Langton, Christopher, ed. (1989), Artificial Life, Redwood City, CA: Addison-Wesley.

Langton, Christopher, Taylor, C., Farmer, J.D., and Rasmussen, S.(1992), editors, Artificial Life II, Redwood City, CA: Addison-Wesley.

Levy, Steven (1992), Artificial Life, New York: Pantheon Books.

Maes, Pattie (1991), Designing Autonomous Agents, Cambridge Ma: MIT Press.

Meyer, J.-A. and Wilson, S. W. (1991), editors, From Animals to Animats, Cambridge MA,: The MIT Press.

Varela , F.J. and Bourgine, P. (1992), editors, Toward a Practice of Autonomous Systems, Cambridge MA,: The MIT Press.

Beer, Randall D. (1990), Intelligence as Adaptive Behavior, Boston: Academic Press.

Brooks, Rodney A. (1989), "A Robot that Walks; Emergent Behaviors from a Carefully Evolved Network," Neural Computation, 1: 253-262.

Brooks, Rodney A. (1990a), "A Robust Layered Control System for a Mobile Robot," P. H. Winston, ed., Artificial Intelligence at MIT, vol. 2, Cambridge MA: MIT Press.

Brooks, Rodney A. (1990b), "A Robot that Walks; Emergent Behaviors from a Carefully Evolved Network," P. H. Winston, ed., Artificial Intelligence at MIT, vol. 2, Cambridge MA: MIT Press.

Brooks, Rodney A. (1990c), "Elephants Don't Play Chess," in Pattie Maes editor, Designing Autonomous Agents, Cambridge MA: MIT Press.

*Brooks, Rodney A. (1991), "Intelligence without representation," Artificial Intelligence, 47, 139-159.

*Cliff, D.T. (1991), "Computational Neuroethology: A Provisional Manifesto," in J.-A. Meyer and S. W. Wilson, editors, From Animals to Animats, Cambridge MA: The MIT Press, 29-39.

*Crick, Francis (1981), Life Itself, New York: Simon and Schuster.

Dawkins, Richard (1976), The Selfish Gene, Oxford: Oxford University Press

Dawkins, Richard (1982), The Extended Phenotype, Oxford: Oxford University Press

Dawkins, Richard (1987), The Blind Watchmaker, New York: Norton.

Franklin, Stan, and Garzon, Max (1991), "Neural Computability," in O. M. Omidvar, ed., Progress In Neural Networks, Vol. 1, 127-145, Norwood NJ: Ablex.

Franklin, Stan, and Garzon, Max (1992), "On Stability and Slvability (Or, When Does a Neural Network Solve a Problem?)," Minds And Machines, 2, 71-83.

Goldberg, David E. (1989), Genetic Algorithms, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

Hillis, W. Daniel (1992), "Co-Evolving Parasites Improve Simulated Evolution as an Optimization Procedure," in Langton, et al, editors, Artificial Life II, Redwood City, CA: Addison-Wesley, 313-324.

Holland, John H. (1975), Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

Holland, John H. (1992), "Genetic Algorithms," Scientific American, June, 66-72.

Holland, John H., Holyoak, K.J., Nisbett, R.E., and Thargard, P. R. (1986), Induction, Cambridge MA: The MIT Press.

Humphrys, Mark (1995), "W-learning: Competition among selfish Q-learners. Cambridge Computer Lab technical report #362 available from http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/users/mh10006/publications.hml

*Johnson, M. and Scanlon, R. (1987), "Experiences with a Feeling-Thinking Machine," Proceedings of the IEEE First International Conference on Neural Networks, San Diego, 71-77.

Kilman, David, Dickerson, Dinah, Franklin, Stan, Wong, Seok (1992), "Parallel Genetic Search Via Clans," Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks, Vol. 2 (Proceeding of the Artificial Neural Networks in Engineering (ANNIE '92) Conference), C.H. Dagli, et al, eds, New Yourk: ASME Press, 927-935.

Langton, Christopher (1992), "Life at the edge of chaos," in Langton, et al editors, Artificial Life II, Redwood City, CA: Addison-Wesley, 41-91.

*Maes, Pattie (1991), "A Bottom-Up Mechanism for Behavior Selection in an Artificial Creature," in Meyer, J.-A. and Wilson, S. W. editors, From Animals to Animats, Cambridge MA,: The MIT Press.

Maes, Pattie (1992), "Learning Behavior Networks from Experience," Toward a Practice of Autonomous Systems, Cambridge MA: The MIT Press.

McCulloch, W. S. and Walter Pitts (1943), "A Logical Calculus of the Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity," Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics, 5:115-133.

*Ray, Thomas S. (1992), "An Approach to the Synthesis of Life," in Langton, et al, editors, Artificial Life II, Redwood City, CA: Addison-Wesley, 371-408.

*Reilly, W. S. and Joseph Bates(1992), "Building Emotional Agents," CMU-CS-920142.

Reynolds, C. W. (1987), "Flocks, Herds, and Schools: A distributed Behavioral Model (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH '87)," Computer Graphics 21(4) 24-34.

Rumelhart, David E. and James L. McCelland et al (1986) Parallel Distributed Processing, Vol. 1, Cambridge MA: MIT Press.

Spafford, Eugene H. (1992), "Computer Viruses--A Form of Artificial Life," in Langton, et al, editors, Artificial Life II, Redwood City, CA: Addison-Wesley, 727-745.

Sutton, R. S., (1991), "Reinforcement Learning Architectures for Animats," in Meyer, J.-A. and Wilson, S. W. editors, From Animals to Animats, Cambridge MA,: The MIT Press.

*Wilson, S. W. (1985), "Knowledge Growth in an Artificial Animal". Proceedings of the First International Conference on Genetic Agorithms and Their Applications (pp. 16-23). Hillsdale, New Jersey:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Wilson, S. W. (1991), "The Animat Path to AI." From Animals to Animats, (editors J.-A. Meyer and S. W. Wilson), Cambridge MA,: The MIT Press.